Effect of land-use/land-cover change on the future of rainfed agriculture in the Jenin Governorate, Palestine

An article in International Journal of Global Environmental, Vol. 16, Nos. 1/2/3, 2017Land cover has been changed by humans throughout history. At the global level, population growth and socio-economic development have a significant impact on land resources. Recently, scholars added climate change as one of the major factors affecting land-cover transformation. In the West Bank of Palestine, the situation is more complicated, where geopolitical constraints due to the Israeli occupation and lack of control over land resources. In the West Bank, fertile land represents 16%, 87% of the cultivated land is rainfed, 11% is pastureland and 2% is irrigated. This paper focuses on the problems of agricultural land shrinkage by time and tries to reveal the major factors behind this change. The study area is Jenin, a major agricultural area in the West Bank, Palestine. Statistical data, aerial photos and related attribute data were analyzed by using GIS software. The study showed that urban growth is the major threat on agricultural lands

The Effect of Strain Rate on Electrical and Mechanical Characteristics of Pure Aluminum Using Equal Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP)

-During equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP), the effect of severe plastic deformation (SPD) rate on both the electrical (electrical resistance, denoted as (R),Ω and The electrical resistivity denoted as (ρ), Ω.m) and mechanical characteristics (Ultimate Tensile Strength abbreviated as (UTS), MPa and Micro-Hardness measured in Vickers Hardness Number, abbreviated as VHN) of pure aluminum alloy are experimentally investigated.ECAP was used to improve the pure aluminum alloy\u27s microstructure at room temperature, which had samples with square cross sections. The findings indicate that as the rate of strain decreases from 0.3 to 0.1 s^-1, there is a gradual increase in both Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS) and hardness, with the highest values observed at a strain rate of 0.025 s^-1.This study empirically explored the influence of ECAP on the macrostructure, microstructure, mechanical properties, and electrical properties of pure aluminum alloy at different strain rates (s^-1) – 0, 0.025, 0.1, and 0.3. In summary, it was observed that under the optimized ECAP conditions, specifically at a strain rate of 0.025 s^-1, the ultimate tensile strength increased by approximately 266%, micro-hardness by about 210%, and electrical resistivity by roughly 250% compared to the base material. The maximum value of the ultimate tensile strength was equal to 93 MPa, while the maximum value of hardness was equal to 41 VNN, and the maximum value of electrical resistivity was equal to 1.8 Ω.m, which is equivalent to the ratios mentioned above. Additionally, there was notable fragmentation of course second-phase particles and microstructure refinement

The Effect of Strain Rate on Electrical and Mechanical Characteristics of Pure Aluminum Using Equal Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP)

-During equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP), the effect of severe plastic deformation (SPD) rate on both the electrical (electrical resistance, denoted as (R),Ω and The electrical resistivity denoted as (ρ), Ω.m) and mechanical characteristics (Ultimate Tensile Strength abbreviated as (UTS), MPa and Micro-Hardness measured in Vickers Hardness Number, abbreviated as VHN) of pure aluminum alloy are experimentally investigated.ECAP was used to improve the pure aluminum alloy\u27s microstructure at room temperature, which had samples with square cross sections. The findings indicate that as the rate of strain decreases from 0.3 to 0.1 s^-1, there is a gradual increase in both Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS) and hardness, with the highest values observed at a strain rate of 0.025 s^-1.This study empirically explored the influence of ECAP on the macrostructure, microstructure, mechanical properties, and electrical properties of pure aluminum alloy at different strain rates (s^-1) – 0, 0.025, 0.1, and 0.3. In summary, it was observed that under the optimized ECAP conditions, specifically at a strain rate of 0.025 s^-1, the ultimate tensile strength increased by approximately 266%, micro-hardness by about 210%, and electrical resistivity by roughly 250% compared to the base material. The maximum value of the ultimate tensile strength was equal to 93 MPa, while the maximum value of hardness was equal to 41 VNN, and the maximum value of electrical resistivity was equal to 1.8 Ω.m, which is equivalent to the ratios mentioned above. Additionally, there was notable fragmentation of course second-phase particles and microstructure refinement

MINING TECHNIQUES IN NETWORK SECURITY TO ENHANCE INTRUSION DETECTION SYSTEMS

ABSTRAC

A Review of Hybrid Humidification and Dehumidification Desalination Systems

The escalating threat of water scarcity, coupled with the inclusion of numerous countries in the list of water-scarce nations, has elevated the issue of water availability to a paramount concern in today\u27s global landscape. Freshwater sources are becoming increasingly scarce, with their proportional decline steadily progressing. Consequently, a growing number of nations have resorted to the desalination of seawater as a viable solution. In response to this critical need, a surge of studies and research endeavors has been dedicated to the development and refinement of desalination processes. One of the most promising innovations in this field is Humidification-Dehumidification (HDH) desalination technology. This paper aims to delve into the potential of HDH desalination technology and its integration with another advanced desalination method known as a hybrid system. By combining these two distinct approaches, it becomes possible to not only enhance productivity but also address certain limitations inherent in each technology. In this paper, we provide an overview of various desalination processes, shedding light on their classifications and characteristics. Our primary focus, however, lies in exploring how HDH desalination technology can be effectively harmonized within a hybrid system to maximize efficiency and mitigate shortcomings observed in individual technologies. The integration of HDH with existing desalination methods has demonstrated notable success, as evidenced by numerous research studies in the field. This research underscores the significance of hybridization in advancing HDH sustainability practices within the desalination sector, ultimately contributing to the global effort to combat water scarcity

A Review of Hybrid Humidification and Dehumidification Desalination Systems

The escalating threat of water scarcity, coupled with the inclusion of numerous countries in the list of water-scarce nations, has elevated the issue of water availability to a paramount concern in today\u27s global landscape. Freshwater sources are becoming increasingly scarce, with their proportional decline steadily progressing. Consequently, a growing number of nations have resorted to the desalination of seawater as a viable solution. In response to this critical need, a surge of studies and research endeavors has been dedicated to the development and refinement of desalination processes. One of the most promising innovations in this field is Humidification-Dehumidification (HDH) desalination technology. This paper aims to delve into the potential of HDH desalination technology and its integration with another advanced desalination method known as a hybrid system. By combining these two distinct approaches, it becomes possible to not only enhance productivity but also address certain limitations inherent in each technology. In this paper, we provide an overview of various desalination processes, shedding light on their classifications and characteristics. Our primary focus, however, lies in exploring how HDH desalination technology can be effectively harmonized within a hybrid system to maximize efficiency and mitigate shortcomings observed in individual technologies. The integration of HDH with existing desalination methods has demonstrated notable success, as evidenced by numerous research studies in the field. This research underscores the significance of hybridization in advancing HDH sustainability practices within the desalination sector, ultimately contributing to the global effort to combat water scarcity

Formulation and in-vitro evaluation of fast dissolving tablets containing a poorly soluble antipsychotic drug

The aim of the present study was to formulate olanzapine fast dissolving tablets (FDT). Olanzapine is a poorly water soluble drug that undergoes first pass metabolism in liver resulted in low oral bioavailability. The water solubility is enhanced by formation of co-amorphous dispersion by solvent evaporation under vacuum method using a polycarboxylic acid (ascorbic acid) as a coformer in two different molar ratios (1:1 and 1:2). The prepared systems were evaluated using differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), Fourier Transform Infra-Red analysis (FTIR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and saturated solubility. The co-amorphous dispersion system in a molar ratio 1:2 is higher in solubility than 1:1, so it was selected for incorporation into FDT formulation. Compatability study between olanzapine and different tablet excipients including DSC and FTIR showed that the drug is compatible with the selected tablet excipients. Direct compression method was used in FDT formulations using different types and concentrations of superdisintegrants. FDTs were evaluated for weight variation, hardness, friability, wetting time, drug content uniformity, invitro disintegration time and invitro dissolution study. All the prepared FDTs were complied with the compendia standards. F3 and F8 showed lower disintegration time and higher percent of drug dissolved, so they were selected for stability study. After storage for 3 months at 30ºC at 65% relative humidity, both formulations were physically stable regarding color and integrity and had only minor increases in disintegration time, drug content and friability after three months’ storage. The results indicate that olanzapine FDT tablets may serve as a successful strategy for enhancing the bioavailability of olanzapine

A Novel Threat Intelligence Detection Model Using Neural Networks

A network intrusion detection system (IDS) is commonly recognized as an effective solution for identifying threats and malicious attacks. Due to the rapid emergence of threats and new attack vectors, novel and adaptive approaches must be considered to maintain the effectiveness of IDSs. In this paper, we present a novel Threat Intelligence Detection Model (TIDM) for online intrusion detection. The proposed TIDM focuses on the online processing of massive data flows and is accordingly able to reveal unknown connections, including zero-day attacks. The TIDM consists of three components: an optimized filter (OptiFilter), an adaptive and hybrid classifier, and an alarm component. The main contributions of the OptiFilter component are in its ability to continuously capture data flows and construct unlabeled connection vectors. The second component of the TIDM employs a hybrid model made up of an enhanced growing hierarchical self-organizing map (EGHSOM) and a normal network behavior (NNB) model to jointly identify unknown connections. The proposed TIDM updates the hybrid model continually in real-time. The model’s performance evaluation has been carried out in both offline and online operational modes using a quantitative approach that considers all possible evaluation metrics for the datasets and the hybrid classification method. The achieved results show that the proposed TIDM is able, with promising performance, to process massive data flows in real-time, classify unlabeled connections, reveal the label of unknown connections, and perform online updates successfully

Dynamic congestion management system for cloud service broker

This is an open access article licenced under a CC-BY-SA license, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/The cloud computing model offers a shared pool of resources and services with diverse models presented to the clients through the internet by an on-demand scalable and dynamic pay-per-use model. The developers have identified the need for an automated system (cloud service broker (CSB)) that can contribute to exploiting the cloud capability, enhancing its functionality, and improving its performance. This research presents a dynamic congestion management (DCM) system which can manage the massive amount of cloud requests while considering the required quality for the clients’ requirements as regulated by the service-level policy. In addition, this research introduces a forwarding policy that can be utilized to choose high-priority calls coming from the cloud service requesters and passes them by the broker to the suitable cloud resources. The policy has made use of one of the mechanisms that are used by Cisco to assist the administration of the congestion that might take place at the broker side. Furthermore, the DCM system is used to help in provisioning and monitoring the works of the cloud providers through the job operation. The proposed DCM system was implemented and evaluated by using the CloudSim tool.Peer reviewe

Draft genome sequence of Frankia sp. strain BMG5.23, a salt-tolerant nitrogen-fixing actinobacterium isolated from the root nodules of Casuarina glauca grown in Tunisia

Nitrogen-fixing actinobacteria of the genus Frankia are symbionts of woody dicotyledonous plants termed actinorhizal plants. We report here a 5.27-Mbp draft genome sequence for Frankia sp. strain BMG5.23, a salt-tolerant nitrogen-fixing actinobacterium isolated from root nodules of Casuarina glauca collected in Tunisia